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DE Germany - Residential Building Typology
Building Type Matrix
classification scheme for residential buildings --- construction year classes --- pictures of example buildings
Generic Building Types
Further Building Types
National Typology Brochure
example buildings --- typical energy consumption values --- effect of refurbishment measures --- building display sheets
Brochure in German language. (Click on picture to download PDF.)
Statistics of the German Building Stock
systematical overview --- available statistics for residential buildings and heat supply systems
Overview
| Statistical Table | Item | Available | Remarks |
| S-1.1 | Frequency of building types of the national building stock | yes | |
| S-1.2.1 | Percentage of thermally refurbished envelope areas | yes | [1] |
| S-1.2.2 | Information on insulation level and window types | yes | [1] |
| S-2.1 | Centralisation of the heat supply (for space heating) | yes | [1] |
| S-2.2 | Heat distribution and storage of space heating systems | yes | [1] |
| S-2.3 | Heat generation of space heating systems | yes | [1] |
| S-2.4 | Heat distribution and storage of domestic hot water systems | yes | [1] |
| S-2.5 | Heat generation of domestic hot water systems | yes | [1] |
| S-2.6 | Solar thermal systems | ||
| S-2.7 | Ventilation systems | ||
| S-2.8 | Air-conditioning systems | ||
| S-2.9 | Control of central heating systems |
[1] Source: Datenbasis Gebäudebestand 2011
Statistic S-1.1: Frequency of building types of the national building stock
|
construction |
SFH |
TH |
MFH |
AB |
sum |
fraction |
|
|
number of buildings (1000) |
|
||||||
|
1 |
... 1859 |
370 |
|
50 |
|
420 |
2% |
|
2 |
1860 ... 1918 |
1 040 |
350 |
380 |
10 |
1 780 |
10% |
|
3 |
1919 ... 1948 |
1 280 |
800 |
460 |
10 |
2 550 |
14% |
|
4 |
1949 ... 1957 |
920 |
480 |
390 |
30 |
1 820 |
10% |
|
5 |
1958 ... 1968 |
1 580 |
670 |
550 |
60 |
2 860 |
16% |
|
6 |
1969 ... 1978 |
1 470 |
650 |
320 |
80 |
2 520 |
14% |
|
7 |
1979 ... 1983 |
750 |
380 |
160 |
30 |
1 320 |
7% |
|
8 |
1984 ... 1994 |
1 040 |
540 |
210 |
40 |
1 830 |
10% |
|
9 |
1995 ... 2001 |
1 080 |
500 |
200 |
|
1 780 |
10% |
|
10 |
2002 ... |
790 |
300 |
70 |
|
1 160 |
6% |
|
sum |
10 320 |
4 670 |
2 790 |
260 |
18 040 |
100% |
|
|
fraction |
57% |
26% |
15% |
1% |
100% |
|
|
|
construction |
SFH |
TH |
MFH |
AB |
sum |
fraction |
|
|
number of dwellings (1000) |
|
||||||
|
1 |
... 1859 |
510 |
|
170 |
|
680 |
2% |
|
2 |
1860 ... 1918 |
1 370 |
470 |
1 490 |
180 |
3 510 |
9% |
|
3 |
1919 ... 1948 |
1 720 |
960 |
1 920 |
260 |
4 860 |
12% |
|
4 |
1949 ... 1957 |
1 240 |
570 |
2 000 |
570 |
4 380 |
11% |
|
5 |
1958 ... 1968 |
2 150 |
770 |
2 800 |
1 450 |
7 170 |
18% |
|
6 |
1969 ... 1978 |
1 930 |
760 |
1 500 |
2 480 |
6 670 |
17% |
|
7 |
1979 ... 1983 |
940 |
400 |
990 |
570 |
2 900 |
7% |
|
8 |
1984 ... 1994 |
1 230 |
590 |
1 060 |
1 290 |
4 170 |
11% |
|
9 |
1995 ... 2001 |
1 250 |
540 |
1 600 |
|
3 390 |
9% |
|
10 |
2002 ... |
880 |
310 |
510 |
|
1 700 |
4% |
|
sum |
13 220 |
5 370 |
14 040 |
6 800 |
39 430 |
100% |
|
|
fraction |
34% |
14% |
36% |
17% |
100% |
|
|
|
construction |
SFH |
TH |
MFH |
AB |
sum |
fraction |
|
|
living space (million m²) |
|
||||||
|
1 |
... 1859 |
51 |
|
13 |
|
64 |
2% |
|
2 |
1860 ... 1918 |
155 |
43 |
112 |
10 |
320 |
9% |
|
3 |
1919 ... 1948 |
173 |
91 |
134 |
17 |
415 |
12% |
|
4 |
1949 ... 1957 |
127 |
57 |
131 |
31 |
346 |
10% |
|
5 |
1958 ... 1968 |
221 |
76 |
197 |
84 |
578 |
17% |
|
6 |
1969 ... 1978 |
213 |
78 |
109 |
127 |
527 |
15% |
|
7 |
1979 ... 1983 |
111 |
47 |
69 |
39 |
266 |
8% |
|
8 |
1984 ... 1994 |
148 |
66 |
76 |
84 |
374 |
11% |
|
9 |
1995 ... 2001 |
152 |
62 |
119 |
|
333 |
10% |
|
10 |
2002 ... |
114 |
37 |
41 |
|
192 |
6% |
|
sum |
1465 |
557 |
1001 |
392 |
3415 |
100% |
|
|
fraction |
43% |
16% |
29% |
11% |
100% |
|
|
|
construction |
SFH |
TH |
MFH |
AB |
sum |
fraction |
|
|
TABULA reference area (million m²) |
|
||||||
|
1 |
... 1859 |
56 |
|
14 |
|
70 |
2% |
|
2 |
1860 ... 1918 |
171 |
47 |
123 |
11 |
352 |
9% |
|
3 |
1919 ... 1948 |
190 |
100 |
147 |
19 |
457 |
12% |
|
4 |
1949 ... 1957 |
140 |
63 |
144 |
34 |
381 |
10% |
|
5 |
1958 ... 1968 |
243 |
84 |
217 |
92 |
636 |
17% |
|
6 |
1969 ... 1978 |
234 |
86 |
120 |
140 |
580 |
15% |
|
7 |
1979 ... 1983 |
122 |
52 |
76 |
43 |
293 |
8% |
|
8 |
1984 ... 1994 |
163 |
73 |
84 |
92 |
411 |
11% |
|
9 |
1995 ... 2001 |
167 |
68 |
131 |
|
366 |
10% |
|
10 |
2002 ... |
125 |
41 |
45 |
|
211 |
6% |
|
sum |
1612 |
613 |
1101 |
431 |
3757 |
100% |
|
|
fraction |
43% |
16% |
29% |
11% |
100% |
|
|
Aggregation for Building Stock Model
| construction | number of | number of | living space | Tabula reference | ||
| period | buildings | apartments | (1000 m²) | (1000 m²) | ||
| "Single Family Houses" | SFH I | until 1978 | 9610000 | 12450000 | 1285000 | 1413500 |
| (<= 2 apartments) | SFH II | 1979 - 1994 | 2710000 | 3160000 | 372000 | 409200 |
| SFH II | 1995 - 2009 | 2670000 | 2980000 | 365000 | 401500 | |
| "Multi Family Houses " | MFH I | until 1978 | 2340000 | 14820000 | 965000 | 1061500 |
| (>=3 apartments) | MFH II | 1979 - 1994 | 440000 | 3910000 | 268000 | 294800 |
| MFH III | 1995 - 2009 | 270000 | 2110000 | 160000 | 176000 | |
| 18040000 | 39430000 | 3415000 | 3756500 |
Statistic S-1.2.1: Percentage of thermally refurbished envelope areas
| percentages related to building numbers of the respective classes SFH I - MFH II | ||||
| Percentage of modernised element area (with improved thermal protection) |
||||
| Building classes | SFH I | SFH II | MFH I | MFH II |
| until 1978 | 1979-1994 | until 1978 | 1979-1994 | |
| walls | 20% | 7% | 26% | 15% |
| roofs / upper floor ceilings | 47% | 24% | 48% | 23% |
| basement / cellar ceiling | 10% | 3% | 11% | 7% |
| windows* | 35% | 12% | 44% | 24% |
modernisation of buildings erected after 1995 (SFH III and MFH III) neglected
*percentage of thermal protection glasing (window installation after 1995)
Statistic S-1.2.2: Information on insulation level and window types
S-1.2.2.1: Insulation thicknesses of refurbished Elements
| numbers related to modernised elements | |
| Average values of insulation layer thickness | |
| walls | 8,7 cm |
| roofs / upper floor ceilings | 12,8 cm |
| basement / cellar ceiling | 7,5 cm |
Statistic S-2.1: Centralisation of the heat supply (for space heating)
| percentages related to: numbers of dwellings in all residential buildings of the classes SFH I - MFH III | ||||||
| SFH | MFH | |||||
| SFH I ( - 1978) | SFH II (1979 - 94) | SFH III (1995 - 2009) | MFH I ( - 1978) | MFH II (1979 - 94) | MFH III (1995 - 2009 ) | |
| Centralisation of Heating System | ||||||
| District Heating | 1,4% | 2,3% | 3,6% | 12,0% | 22,2% | 11,6% |
| Building / Apartmant Heating Systems | 88,4% | 93,4% | 94,1% | 81,9% | 75,1% | 88,0% |
| Room Heating Systems | 10,2% | 4,3% | 2,3% | 6,1% | 2,7% | 0,4% |
Statistic S-2.2: Heat distribution and storage of space heating systems
| percentages related to number of dwellings in buildings of classes SFH I- MFH III | ||||||
| which are supplied by building / apartment or district heating systems | ||||||
| Heat distribution and storage for space heating | ||||||
| SFH I | SFH II | SFH III | MFH I | MFH II | MFH III | |
| level 1: "high heat losses" | 31% | 0% | 0% | 39% | 0% | 0% |
| level 2: "medium heat losses" | 28% | 61% | 30% | 33% | 85% | 74% |
| level 3: "low heat losses" | 13% | 8% | 23% | 19% | 9% | 22% |
| level 4: "no heat losses" | 29% | 31% | 48% | 9% | 5% | 4% |
Statistic S-2.3: Heat generation of space heating systems
Heat Generator Types
| percentages related to: dwellings in all residential buildings of the classes SFH I - MFH III | |||||||
| Heat Generators for Space Heating | SFH | MFH | |||||
| SFH I | SFH II | SFH III | MFH I | MFH II | MFH III | ||
| Heat Generators | Energy Carrier | ||||||
| District Heating | |||||||
| District Heating | 1,4% | 2,3% | 3,6% | 12,0% | 22,2% | 11,6% | |
| Building / Apartment Heating Systems | |||||||
| Boilers | Gas | 43,6% | 48,1% | 66,4% | 52,5% | 61,9% | 77,9% |
| Oil | 39,4% | 40,6% | 18,7% | 25,6% | 12,7% | 5,2% | |
| Biomass | 4,1% | 3,0% | 2,9% | 2,3% | 0,5% | 3,2% | |
| Coal | 0,3% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
| Heat Pump | Electricity | 1,0% | 1,7% | 6,1% | 1,3% | 0,0% | 1,4% |
| Gas | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
| CHP Enginge | Gas | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% | 0,0% | 0,3% |
| direct electric | Electricity | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
| Room Heating Systems | |||||||
| Stoves | Gas | 1,4% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 1,2% | 0,1% | 0,0% |
| Oil | 1,4% | 0,3% | 0,2% | 0,9% | 0,1% | 0,0% | |
| Biomass | 3,8% | 0,3% | 0,8% | 1,3% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
| Coal | 0,7% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,6% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
| direct electric | Electricity | 2,9% | 3,7% | 1,3% | 2,1% | 2,5% | 0,4% |
Energy Carriers
| percentages related to: dwellings in all residential buildings of the classes SFH I - MFH III | SFH | MFH | ||||
| SFH I | SFH II | SFH III | MFH I | MFH II | MFH III | |
| Summary: Energy Carriers | ||||||
| District Heating | 1,4% | 2,3% | 3,6% | 12,0% | 22,2% | 11,6% |
| Gas | 45,0% | 48,1% | 66,4% | 53,8% | 62,0% | 78,2% |
| Oil | 40,8% | 40,9% | 18,9% | 26,5% | 12,8% | 5,2% |
| Biomass | 7,9% | 3,3% | 3,7% | 3,6% | 0,5% | 3,2% |
| Coal | 1,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,7% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
| Electricity | 3,9% | 5,4% | 7,4% | 3,4% | 2,5% | 1,8% |
Statistic S-2.4: Heat distribution and storage of domestic hot water systems
| percentages related to number of dwellings in buildings of classes SFH I- MFH III | ||||||
| only buildings where the hot water is provided by the main heat generator for space heating are considered | ||||||
| Heat distribution and storage for space heating | ||||||
| SFH I | SFH II | SFH III | MFH I | MFH II | MFH III | |
| level 1: installed until 1979, not modernised | 42% | 0% | 0% | 37% | 0% | 0% |
| level 2: installed or modernised 1980 - 2000 | 39% | 89% | 55% | 43% | 86% | 77% |
| level 3: installed or modernised since 2001 | 19% | 11% | 45% | 21% | 14% | 23% |
Statistic S-2.5: Heat generation of domestic hot water systems
| percentages related to number of dwellings in buildings of classes SFH I- MFH III | ||||||
| Heat Generation for hot water supply | ||||||
| SFH I | SFH II | SFH III | MFH I | MFH II | MFH III | |
| hot water generation combined with heating system | 74% | 86% | 91% | 67% | 69% | 86% |
| electric flow heaters without storage tanks | 13% | 5% | 5% | 23% | 28% | 13% |
| electric heaters with small storage tanks | 6% | 4% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 1% |
| gas flow heaters without storage tanks | 3% | 0% | 0% | 6% | 1% | 1% |
| hot water storage tanks directly heated with fuels (e.g. gas) | 4% | 5% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 0% |
| heat pump for hot water generation (exhaust air, cellar air) | 0% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Responsible for the elaboration of this page: IWU
Last Updated (Friday, 18 November 2011 15:36)