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FR France - Residential Building Typology
Building Type Matrix
classification scheme for residential buildings --- construction year classes --- pictures of example buildings
Generic Building Types
National Typology Brochure
example buildings --- typical energy consumption values --- effect of refurbishment measures --- building display sheets
Brochure in French language (in process)
Statistics of the French Building Stock
systematical overview --- available statistics for buildings and heat supply systems
Overview
| Statistical Table | Item | Available | Remarks |
| S-1.1 | Frequency of building types of the national building stock | yes | [1] |
| S-1.2.1 | Percentage of thermally refurbished envelope areas | yes | [2] |
| S-1.2.2 | Information on insulation level and window types | yes | [3] |
| S-2.1 | Centralisation of the heat supply (for space heating) | yes | [4] |
| S-2.2 | Heat distribution and storage of space heating systems | yes | [4] |
| S-2.3 | Heat generation of space heating systems | yes | |
| S-2.4 | Heat distribution and storage of domestic hot water systems | yes | |
| S-2.5 | Heat generation of domestic hot water systems | yes | [4] |
| S-2.6 | Solar thermal systems | [5] |
|
| S-2.7 | Ventilation systems | [6] |
|
| S-2.8 | Air-conditioning systems | [7] |
|
| S-2.9 | Control of central heating systems | [8] |
Data sources
[1] INSEE ( RGP 1999) + SOeS
[2] SOFRES (10000 ménages survey) + OPEN
[3]
[4] CEREN
[5] Observer
[6] Air.h study n°2415117 for Ademe
[7] Etude du marché de la climatisation - Rapport d’étude et compléments EDF 2006
[8] Ademe : technical conference on energy retrofit in dwellings
Statistic S-1.1: Frequency of building types of the national building stock
|
construction
year class |
SFH
|
TH
|
MFH
|
AB
|
sum
|
fraction
|
|
|
number of dwellings (1000)
|
|
||||||
|
1
|
... 1800
|
795.9
|
211.6
|
417.8
|
21.9
|
1 447.3
|
6.2%
|
|
2
|
1800 ... 1900
|
774.6
|
205.9
|
320.3
|
16.8
|
1 317.7
|
5.6%
|
|
3
|
1901 ... 1914
|
917.6
|
243.9
|
660.4
|
165.1
|
1 987.1
|
8.4%
|
|
4
|
1915 ... 1944
|
1402.4
|
372.7
|
806.1
|
201.5
|
2 782.8
|
11.8%
|
|
5
|
1945 ... 1954
|
495.4
|
131.7
|
220.1
|
660.5
|
1 507.8
|
6.4%
|
|
6
|
1955 ... 1967
|
928.9
|
246.9
|
495.4
|
1155.9
|
2 827.2
|
12.0%
|
|
7
|
1968 ... 1975
|
1169.2
|
310.8
|
752.6
|
1129.0
|
3361.7
|
14.3%
|
|
8
|
1976 ... 1981 - H1
|
696.6
|
216.0
|
285.8
|
349.3
|
1547.8
|
6.6%
|
|
|
1976 ... 1981 – H2
|
558.7
|
102.2
|
125.9
|
125.9
|
912.8
|
3.9%
|
|
|
1976 ... 1981 – H3
|
200.2
|
64.0
|
88.7
|
108.4
|
461.4
|
2.0%
|
|
9
|
1982 ... 1989 – H1
|
687.8
|
213.3
|
198.6
|
242.7
|
1342.5
|
5.7%
|
|
|
1982 ... 1989 – H2
|
551.6
|
100.9
|
87.5
|
87.5
|
827.6
|
3.5%
|
|
|
1982 ... 1989 – H3
|
197.7
|
63.2
|
68.5
|
68.4
|
397.9
|
1.7%
|
|
10
|
1989 ... 2000 – H1
|
627.8
|
194.7
|
336.6
|
336.6
|
1495.8
|
6.4%
|
|
|
1989 ... 2000 – H2
|
503.6
|
92.1
|
160.2
|
106.8
|
862.7
|
3.7%
|
|
|
1989 ... 2000 – H3
|
180.5
|
57.7
|
114.9
|
94.0
|
447.1
|
1.9%
|
|
sum
|
10 689.0
|
2 828.0
|
5 139.8
|
4 870.9
|
23 527.9
|
100%
|
|
|
fraction
|
45.4%
|
12.0%
|
21.8%
|
20.7%
|
100%
|
|
|
|
construction
|
SFH
|
TH
|
MFH
|
AB
|
sum
|
fraction
|
|
|
year class
|
number of buildings x1000
|
|
|||||
|
1
|
... 1800
|
795.9
|
211.6
|
97.2
|
4.0
|
1 108.72
|
7.4%
|
|
2
|
1800 ... 1900
|
774.6
|
205.9
|
74.5
|
3.1
|
1 058.10
|
7.1%
|
|
3
|
1901 ... 1914
|
917.6
|
243.9
|
153.6
|
30.3
|
1 345.44
|
9.0%
|
|
4
|
1915 ... 1944
|
1402.4
|
372.7
|
187.5
|
37.0
|
1 999.62
|
13.4%
|
|
5
|
1945 ... 1954
|
495.4
|
131.7
|
58.0
|
45.8
|
730.93
|
4.9%
|
|
6
|
1955 ... 1967
|
928.9
|
246.9
|
130.6
|
80.2
|
1 386.55
|
9.3%
|
|
7
|
1968 ... 1975
|
1169.2
|
310.8
|
198.4
|
78.3
|
1 756.68
|
11.8%
|
|
8
|
1976 ... 1981 - H1
|
696.6
|
216.0
|
31.8
|
13.5
|
957.92
|
6.4%
|
|
|
1976 ... 1981 – H2
|
558.7
|
102.2
|
14.0
|
4.9
|
679.78
|
4.6%
|
|
|
1976 ... 1981 – H3
|
200.2
|
64.0
|
9.9
|
4.2
|
278.26
|
1.9%
|
|
9
|
1982 ... 1989 – H1
|
687.8
|
213.3
|
22.1
|
9.4
|
932.59
|
6.3%
|
|
|
1982 ... 1989 – H2
|
551.6
|
100.9
|
9.7
|
3.4
|
665.62
|
4.5%
|
|
|
1982 ... 1989 – H3
|
197.7
|
63.2
|
7.6
|
2.6
|
271.17
|
1.8%
|
|
10
|
1989 ... 2000 – H1
|
627.8
|
194.7
|
37.5
|
13.0
|
872.98
|
5.9%
|
|
|
1989 ... 2000 – H2
|
503.6
|
92.1
|
17.8
|
4.1
|
617.66
|
4.1%
|
|
|
1989 ... 2000 – H3
|
180.5
|
57.7
|
12.8
|
3.6
|
254.62
|
1.7%
|
|
sum
|
10 688.50
|
2 827.60
|
1 063.06
|
337.49
|
14 916.65
|
100%
|
|
|
fraction
|
71.7%
|
19.0%
|
7.1%
|
2.3%
|
100%
|
|
|
|
construction
|
SFH
|
TH
|
MFH
|
AB
|
sum
|
fraction
|
|
|
year class
|
living space area (million m2)
|
|
|||||
|
1
|
... 1800
|
74.2
|
19.7
|
24.4
|
1.3
|
119.70
|
6.4%
|
|
2
|
1800 ... 1900
|
72.3
|
19.2
|
18.7
|
1.0
|
111.18
|
6.0%
|
|
3
|
1901 ... 1914
|
85.6
|
22.8
|
38.6
|
9.7
|
156.62
|
8.4%
|
|
4
|
1915 ... 1944
|
119.2
|
31.7
|
40.2
|
10.1
|
201.20
|
10.8%
|
|
5
|
1945 ... 1954
|
43.0
|
11.4
|
14.2
|
42.5
|
111.06
|
6.0%
|
|
6
|
1955 ... 1967
|
80.6
|
21.4
|
31.9
|
74.4
|
208.24
|
11.2%
|
|
7
|
1968 ... 1975
|
112.7
|
30.0
|
50.7
|
76.1
|
269.50
|
14.4%
|
|
8
|
1976 ... 1981 - H1
|
70.1
|
21.7
|
19.2
|
23.5
|
134.53
|
7.2%
|
|
|
1976 ... 1981 – H2
|
56.2
|
10.3
|
8.5
|
8.5
|
83.43
|
4.5%
|
|
|
1976 ... 1981 – H3
|
20.1
|
6.4
|
6.0
|
7.3
|
39.84
|
2.1%
|
|
9
|
1982 ... 1989 – H1
|
69.9
|
21.7
|
12.9
|
15.8
|
120.28
|
6.4%
|
|
|
1982 ... 1989 – H2
|
56.1
|
10.3
|
5.7
|
5.7
|
77.71
|
4.2%
|
|
|
1982 ... 1989 – H3
|
20.1
|
6.4
|
4.4
|
4.4
|
35.42
|
1.9%
|
|
10
|
1989 ... 2000 – H1
|
54.2
|
16.8
|
16.0
|
16.0
|
103.05
|
5.5%
|
|
|
1989 ... 2000 – H2
|
43.5
|
8.0
|
7.6
|
5.1
|
64.14
|
3.4%
|
|
|
1989 ... 2000 – H3
|
15.6
|
5.0
|
5.5
|
4.5
|
30.51
|
1.6%
|
|
sum
|
993.44
|
262.76
|
304.57
|
305.63
|
1 866.40
|
100%
|
|
|
fraction
|
53.2%
|
14.1%
|
16.3%
|
16.4%
|
100%
|
|
|
Aggregation for Building Stock Model
|
|
|
construction
|
number of
|
number of
|
living space
|
|
|
|
period
|
Buildings
(x1000) |
Apartments
(x1000) |
(106 m²)
|
|
"Single Family Houses"
|
SFH I
|
until 1975
|
8207.5
|
8207.5
|
743.8
|
|
|
SFH II
|
1976 - 2000
|
5308.6
|
5308.6
|
512.4
|
|
"Multi Family Houses "
|
MFH I
|
until 1975
|
1178.5
|
7023.4
|
433.7
|
|
|
MFH II
|
1975 - 2000
|
222.0
|
2986.3
|
176.5
|
Statistic S-1.2.1: Percentage of thermally refurbished envelope areas
|
percentages related to building numbers of the respective classes SFH I - MFH II
|
||||
|
Percentage of modernised element area
(with improved thermal protection) |
||||
|
Building classes
|
SFH I
|
SFH II
|
MFH I
|
MFH II
|
|
until 1975
|
1975-2000
|
until 1975
|
1975-2000
|
|
|
walls
|
37
|
88
|
19
|
52
|
|
roofs / upper floor ceilings
|
62
|
90
|
25
|
65
|
|
basement / cellar ceiling
|
12
|
42
|
10
|
30
|
|
windows*
|
35
|
75
|
23
|
57
|
Statistic S-1.2.2: Information on insulation level and window types
S-1.2.2.1: Insulation thicknesses of refurbished Elements
|
numbers related to modernised elements
|
|
|
Average values of insulation Resistance (R K.m2/W)
|
|
|
walls
|
2 m2.K/W
|
|
roofs / upper floor ceilings
|
2.5-3 m2.K/W
|
|
basement / cellar ceiling
|
2 m2.K/W
|
|
Double glazing windows
|
2 – 2.3 W/m2.K
|
Statistic S-2.1: Centralisation of the heat supply (for space heating)
|
percentages related to: numbers of dwellings in all residential buildings of the classes SFH I - MFH II
|
|||||
|
|
SFH
|
MFH
|
|||
|
SFH I
( - 1975) |
SFH II
(1975 - 2000) |
MFH I
( - 1975) |
MFH II
(1975 - 2000) |
||
|
Centralisation of Heating System
|
64.1
|
42.1
|
39.8
|
19.1
|
|
|
District Heating
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
9.5
|
10.7
|
|
|
Building / Apartment Heating Systems
|
15.0
|
43.1
|
44.3
|
68.7
|
|
|
Room Heating Systems
|
20.9
|
14.8
|
6.4
|
1.6
|
|
Statistic S-2.3: Heat generation of space heating systems
Heat Generator Types
|
percentages related to: dwellings in all residential buildings of the classes SFH I – MFH II
|
|||||
|
Heat Generators for Space Heating
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SFH I
|
SFH II
|
MFH I
|
MFH II
|
||
|
|
District Heating
|
0.07%
|
0.07%
|
9.46%
|
10.71%
|
|
collective Boilers
|
Gas
|
|
|
26.75%
|
15.44%
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
12.43%
|
3.24%
|
|
|
Biomass
|
|
|
0.17%
|
0.31%
|
|
|
Coal
|
|
|
0.46%
|
0.06%
|
|
|
Boilers (individual)
|
Gas
|
27.76%
|
21.09%
|
23.57%
|
23.40%
|
|
Oil
|
29.39%
|
14.84%
|
1.75%
|
0.48%
|
|
|
Biomass
|
2.79%
|
1.75%
|
0.01%
|
0.02%
|
|
|
Coal
|
0.27%
|
0.10%
|
0.14%
|
0.08%
|
|
|
LPG
|
3.84%
|
4.29%
|
0.44%
|
0.43%
|
|
|
Electricity Heat pumps
|
0.00%
|
0.00%
|
0.00%
|
0.00%
|
|
|
Electricity Direct
|
15.00%
|
43.10%
|
18.34%
|
44.28%
|
|
|
Room Heating Systems / Stoves
|
Gas
|
0.96%
|
0.35%
|
1.94%
|
0.17%
|
|
Oil
|
4.08%
|
1.13%
|
1.04%
|
0.15%
|
|
|
Biomass
|
10.41%
|
9.05%
|
1.05%
|
0.52%
|
|
|
Coal
|
2.00%
|
0.28%
|
0.22%
|
0.04%
|
|
|
LPG
|
0.71%
|
0.37%
|
0.43%
|
0.10%
|
|
|
Electricity
|
2.70%
|
3.59%
|
1.80%
|
0.58%
|
|
|
|
|
100%
|
100%
|
100%
|
100%
|
Energy Carriers
|
percentages related to: space heating all residential buildings of the classes SFH I - MFH II
|
||||
|
|
SFH I
|
SFH II
|
MFH I
|
MFH II
|
|
Summary: Energy Carriers
|
|
|
|
|
|
District Heating
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
13.8%
|
18.2%
|
|
Gas
|
31.7%
|
23.3%
|
49.7%
|
40.1%
|
|
GPL
|
2.9%
|
3.5%
|
0.5%
|
0.5%
|
|
Oil
|
38.9%
|
19.8%
|
16.8%
|
4.9%
|
|
Biomass
|
0.1%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
|
Coal
|
2.8%
|
0.6%
|
0.8%
|
0.1%
|
|
Electricity
|
23.6%
|
52.7%
|
18.4%
|
36.2%
|
Statistic S-2.5: Heat generation of domestic hot water systems
|
Percentages related to number of dwellings in buildings of classes SFH I- MFH II
|
||||
|
Heat Generation for hot water supply
|
||||
|
|
SFH I
|
SFH II
|
MFH I
|
MFH II
|
|
hot water generation combined with heating system
|
27.8%
|
18.9%
|
39.3%
|
25.1%
|
|
electric heaters with small storage tanks
|
27.1%
|
36.4%
|
19.6%
|
30.9%
|
|
gas flow heaters without storage tanks
|
7.7%
|
4.2%
|
8.9%
|
6.3%
|
|
total ECS indépendante
|
34.8%
|
40.5%
|
32.0%
|
37.7%
|
|
hot water storage tanks directly heated with fuels (e.g. gas)
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
3.4%
|
0.5%
|
|
heat pump for hot water generation (exhaust air, cellar air)
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
|
No hot water production
|
2.6%
|
0.0%
|
0.1%
|
0.0%
|
Statistic S-2.6: Solar thermal systems
|
Number of solar systems
|
|||||||
|
|
SFH I
|
SFH II
|
MFH I
|
MFH II
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
installed m2
|
1 158 848
|
370 682
|
|||||
|
number of buildings
|
279 972
|
8 727
|
|||||
Statistic S-2.7: Ventilation systems
|
Percentage of ventilation systems
|
||||
|
|
SFH I
|
SFH II
|
MFH I
|
MFH II
|
|
No ventilation
|
14 %
|
9 %
|
||
|
Room natural ventilation
|
36 %
|
34 %
|
||
|
Natural ventilation by duct
|
22 %
|
16 %
|
||
|
Natural ventilation with assistance
|
-
|
1 %
|
||
|
local mechanical ventilation
|
1 %
|
0 %
|
||
|
mechanical ventilation on ducts
|
-
|
13 %
|
||
|
Self controlled mech ventilation
|
23 %
|
22 %
|
||
|
Hygro controlled mech ventilation
|
5 %
|
5 %
|
||
|
Double flow mech ventilation
|
1 %
|
0 %
|
||
Statistic S-2.8: Air-conditioning systems
|
number of air conditioning systems in dwellings
|
||||
|
|
SFH I
|
SFH II
|
MFH I
|
MFH II
|
|
number of dwellings (x1000)
|
412.9
|
355.1
|
116.5
|
100.1
|
Statistic S-2.9: Control of central heating systems
|
% of dwellings equipped
|
||||
|
|
SFH I
|
SFH II
|
MFH I
|
MFH II
|
|
Thermostat
|
43
|
47
|
46
|
70
|
|
Thermostatic valve
|
39
|
43
|
23
|
29
|
|
Programming device
|
13
|
16
|
10
|
13
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Last Updated (Monday, 20 February 2012 17:01)